%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Journal Article % LaTeX Template % Version 1.4 (15/5/16) % % This template has been downloaded from: % http://www.LaTeXTemplates.com % % Original author: % Frits Wenneker (http://www.howtotex.com) with extensive modifications by % Vel (vel@LaTeXTemplates.com) % % License: % CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % PACKAGES AND OTHER DOCUMENT CONFIGURATIONS %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \documentclass[twoside,twocolumn]{article} \usepackage{blindtext} % Package to generate dummy text throughout this template \usepackage[sc]{mathpazo} % Use the Palatino font \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Use 8-bit encoding that has 256 glyphs \linespread{1.05} % Line spacing - Palatino needs more space between lines \usepackage{microtype} % Slightly tweak font spacing for aesthetics \usepackage[english]{babel} % Language hyphenation and typographical rules \usepackage[hmarginratio=1:1,top=32mm,columnsep=20pt]{geometry} % Document margins \usepackage[hang, small,labelfont=bf,up,textfont=it,up]{caption} % Custom captions under/above floats in tables or figures \usepackage{booktabs} % Horizontal rules in tables \usepackage{lettrine} % The lettrine is the first enlarged letter at the beginning of the text \usepackage{enumitem} % Customized lists \setlist[itemize]{noitemsep} % Make itemize lists more compact \usepackage{abstract} % Allows abstract customization \renewcommand{\abstractnamefont}{\normalfont\bfseries} % Set the "Abstract" text to bold \renewcommand{\abstracttextfont}{\normalfont\small\itshape} % Set the abstract itself to small italic text \usepackage{titlesec} % Allows customization of titles \renewcommand\thesection{\Roman{section}} % Roman numerals for the sections \renewcommand\thesubsection{\roman{subsection}} % roman numerals for subsections \titleformat{\section}[block]{\large\scshape\centering}{\thesection.}{1em}{} % Change the look of the section titles \titleformat{\subsection}[block]{\large}{\thesubsection.}{1em}{} % Change the look of the section titles \usepackage{fancyhdr} % Headers and footers \pagestyle{fancy} % All pages have headers and footers \fancyhead{} % Blank out the default header \fancyfoot{} % Blank out the default footer \fancyhead[C]{Running title $\bullet$ May 2016 $\bullet$ Vol. XXI, No. 1} % Custom header text \fancyfoot[RO,LE]{\thepage} % Custom footer text \usepackage{titling} % Customizing the title section \usepackage{hyperref} % For hyperlinks in the PDF %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % TITLE SECTION %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \setlength{\droptitle}{-4\baselineskip} % Move the title up \pretitle{\begin{center}\Huge\bfseries} % Article title formatting \posttitle{\end{center}} % Article title closing formatting \title{energy} % Article title \author{% \textsc{John Smith}\thanks{A thank you or further information} \\[1ex] % Your name \normalsize University of California \\ % Your institution \normalsize \href{mailto:john@smith.com}{john@smith.com} % Your email address %\and % Uncomment if 2 authors are required, duplicate these 4 lines if more %\textsc{Jane Smith}\thanks{Corresponding author} \\[1ex] % Second author's name %\normalsize University of Utah \\ % Second author's institution %\normalsize \href{mailto:jane@smith.com}{jane@smith.com} % Second author's email address } \date{\today} % Leave empty to omit a date \renewcommand{\maketitlehookd}{% \begin{abstract} \noindent In this paper, a loss method is proposed to calculate the energy auditing and exergy auditing of domestic hot water boilers along with the Condensing heat exchanger. In this method, the heat losses of the hot water boiler are eliminated by losses from ash, unburned carbon,radiation and etc. Also, exergy losses are broken down into unburnt hydrocarbon, flue gas, boiler wall. By calculating these losses, the efficiency of the first law and the exergy efficiency of the hot water boiler are obtained. To demonstrate the efficiency of the method, a laboratory set up is constructed and measured first rule efficiency and exergy efficiency by measuring parameters such as temperature and pressure,gas analysis. Then, using this set up, each of the parameters has been experimentally modified and its effect on the efficiency of the first law and exergy efficiency has been investigated. Finally, it has been shown that the efficiency of the first law is 53 and the exergy efficiency is 45 and the heat exchanger has increased the efficiency of 5. \end{abstract} } %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \begin{document} % Print the title \maketitle %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % ARTICLE CONTENTS %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \section{Introduction} Increasing demand for fossil fuels, rapid evacuation of energy resources and environmental problems, such as air pollution and global warming, have made it important to use energy efficiently. One of the ways to improve the efficiency of boilers that are in operation is an energy audit that involves energy auditing and exergy auditing. The goal is to measure the boiler efficiency using a series of parameters. There is two methods for energy auditing of boilers. In the direct method, efficiency is estimated directly by estimating input and output terms. This method can not be used to improve boiler performance. In indirect or loss method, each of the thermal losses are calculated separately and are used to estimate the efficiency. In this method, as the heat loss is calculated, it can be used to improve the boiler performance. One of the most well-known versions of this method, is the standard ASME ptc4.1 which is developed for energy audition of steam boilers. Other organizations have published similar standards such as BS845 (British standard). In connection with the energy auditing of hot water boilers standard BS-EN303-3 is presented. %maghale marbot be talafat hararati dig ab garm ezafe shavad In connection with the exergy auditing of boilers, the only paper available is Dr. Bebehbahaninia's article. For hot water boilers, Kondensing, an economizer is installed to cool the flue gas so that it changes to the liquid phase. This condensing fluid is one of the energy losses and exergy losses. %Which did not consider the loss methods in this term. %tarikhchee In this paper, an experimental setup is considered and for the first time, the terms of energy losses and exergy losses are considered in unburnd carbon and % other terms. Each of the parameters is measured and the exergy efficiency is 53. Also, the effect of the parameters on the efficiency is specified. Exergy development is based on Dr. Behbahaninia's article. %------------------------------------------------ \section{Methods} energy methods The heat loss method is used to calculate the energy efficiency. %ezafe shavad first the flow rate of the dry flue gas per kg of the fuel must be evaluated. The mass of flue gas per mass of fuel is calculated as follows. \begin{equation} W_{dg}=\frac {11CO_{2}+8O_{2}+7(CO+N_{2})}{3(CO_{2}+CO)} \times [C_{ab}+ \frac{S}{267}]+ \frac{S}{160} \label{b1} \end{equation} In which $C_{ab}$ is carbon actually burned per kg of fuel. %ravabete Cab chetori byarim?????? $L_{2}$ is energy loss due to dry flue gas and is calculated using equation (\ref{b2}). \begin{equation} L_{2}=\frac{0.24W_{dg}(T_{g}-T_{o})}{HHV} \label{b2} \end{equation} In which $T_{g}$ is temprature of the gas leaving the boiler $L_{3}$ is energy loss due to evaporating and superheating moisture in fuel and is calculated using equation (\ref{b3}) . \begin{equation} \begin{cases} L_{3}=\frac{M_{f}(1089+0.46T_{g}-T_{f})}{HHV} \hspace{1cm} T_{g}< 575 F \\ L_{3}=\frac{M_{f}(1066+0.5T_{g}-T_{f})}{HHV} \hspace{1cm} T_{g}>575 F \end{cases} \label{b3} \end{equation} In which $M_{f}$ is moisture in fuel and $T{f}$ is temprature of fuel. $L_{4}$ is energy loss due to evaporating and superheating moisture formed by combustion of hydrogen and is calculated using equation (\ref{b4}). \begin{equation} \begin{cases} L_{4}=\frac{9H_{2}(1089+0.46T_{g}-T_{f})}{HHV} \hspace{1cm} T_{g}< 575 F \\ L_{4}=\frac{9H_{2}(1066+0.5T_{g}-T_{f})}{HHV} \hspace{1cm} T_{g}>575 F \end{cases} \label{b4} \end{equation} $L_{5}$ is energy loss due to incomplete combustion and is calculated using equation (\ref{b5}). \begin{equation} L_{5}=10160\hspace{0.1cm} C_{ab} \frac{CO}{CO_{2}+CO} \times \frac{1}{HHV} \label{b5} \end{equation} $L_{6}$ is energy loss due to unconsumed carbon and is calculated using equation (\ref{b6}). \begin{equation} L_{5}=\frac{14600(C-C_{ab})}{HHV} \label{b6} \end{equation} $L_{6}$ is energy loss due to radiation loss on boiler wall and is calculated using equation (\ref{b6}). %rabete L6 gharar dade shavad. %------------------------------------------------ \section{Results} \begin{table} \caption{Example table} \centering \begin{tabular}{llr} \toprule \multicolumn{2}{c}{Name} \\ \cmidrule(r){1-2} First name & Last Name & Grade \\ \midrule John & Doe & $7.5$ \\ Richard & Miles & $2$ \\ \bottomrule \end{tabular} \end{table} \blindtext % Dummy text \begin{equation} \label{eq:emc} e = mc^2 \end{equation} \blindtext % Dummy text %------------------------------------------------ \section{Discussion} \subsection{Subsection One} A statement requiring citation \cite{Figueredo:2009dg}. \blindtext % Dummy text \subsection{Subsection Two} \blindtext % Dummy text %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % REFERENCE LIST %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \begin{thebibliography}{99} % Bibliography - this is intentionally simple in this template \bibitem[Figueredo and Wolf, 2009]{Figueredo:2009dg} Figueredo, A.~J. and Wolf, P. S.~A. (2009). \newblock Assortative pairing and life history strategy - a cross-cultural study. \newblock {\em Human Nature}, 20:317--330. \end{thebibliography} %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \end{document}