با سلام
قسمتی از پاسخ پرسش به صورت زیر خواهد بود که می توانید آن را مطابق آن چه به دست آمده و در زیر می بینید کامل کنید:
\documentclass[7pt]{report}
\RequirePackage[ left=10mm, right=3.5mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{fixltx2e}%for sub and superscript in text
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcommand{\tikzmark}[2]{\tikz[remember picture,baseline=(#1.base)] \node (#1) {#2};}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{document}
\centering
\begin{table}[h]
\caption{Lorentz table}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|ccc|ccc|ccc|ccc|ccc|ccc|ccc|}
\hline
$s$&$x$&\multicolumn{3}{c|}{$f$} &\multicolumn{3}{c|}{$\bigtriangleup
f$}&\multicolumn{3}{c|}{$\bigtriangleup^2 f$} &\multicolumn{3}{c|}{$\bigtriangleup^3
f$}&\multicolumn{3}{c|}{$\bigtriangleup^4 f$}&\multicolumn{3}{c|}{$\bigtriangleup^5
f$}&\multicolumn{3}{c|}{$\bigtriangleup^6 f$}\\\hline
%%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\multirow{4}{*}{$-3$}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\multirow{4}{*}{$x_{-3}$}}&\multicolumn{2}{|c}{\multirow{4}{*}{$f_{-3}$}\tikzmark{1}{}}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\multirow{2}{*}{$1$}}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&
\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}\\
%%------+++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{}&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&\\
\cline{5-5}\cline{6-8}
%%--------========================\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\multirow{4}{*}{$\bigtriangleup f_{-3}$}}
&&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{2}{|c}{\multirow{4}{*}{\tikzmark{2}{}$\bigtriangleup f_{-3}$ }\tikzmark{3}{}}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$s+3$}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&
\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&
\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}\\
%%-------#######################
&&&&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{1}&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&\\\cline{1-5}\cline{8-8}\cline{9-11}
%%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\multirow{4}{*}{$-3$}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\multirow{4}{*}{$x_{-3}$}}&\multicolumn{2}{|c}{\multirow{4}{*}{$f_{-3}$}}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\multirow{2}{*}{$1$}}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{2}{|c}{\multirow{4}{*}{\tikzmark{4}{}$\bigtriangleup f_{-3}$}}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$s+3$}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&
\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}\\
%%------+++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{}&&&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{2}&&&&&&&&&&&&\\
\cline{5-5}\cline{6-8}\cline{11-11}\cline{12-14}
%%--------========================
&&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{2}{|c}{\multirow{4}{*}{$\bigtriangleup f_{-3}$}}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$s+1$}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&
\multicolumn{2}{|c}{\multirow{4}{*}{$\bigtriangleup f_{-3}$}}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$s+3$}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&
\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}\\
%%-------#######################
&&&&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{1}&&&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{3}&&&&&&&&&\\\cline{1-5}\cline{8-8}
\cline{9-11}\cline{14-14}\cline{15-17}
%%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\multirow{4}{*}{$-3$}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\multirow{4}{*}{$x_{-3}$}}&\multicolumn{2}{|c}{\multirow{4}{*}{$f_{-3}$}}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\multirow{2}{*}{$1$}}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{2}{|c}{\multirow{4}{*}{$\bigtriangleup f_{-3}$}}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$s+3$}&
\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{2}{|c}{\multirow{4}{*}{$\bigtriangleup f_{-3}$}}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$s+3$}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}\\
%%------+++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{}&&&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{3}&&&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{4}&&&&&&\\
\cline{5-5}\cline{6-8}\cline{11-11}\cline{12-14}\cline{17-17}\cline{18-20}
%%--------========================
&&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{2}{|c}{\multirow{4}{*}{$\bigtriangleup f_{-3}$}}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$s+1$}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&
\multicolumn{2}{|c}{\multirow{4}{*}{$\bigtriangleup f_{-3}$}}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$s+1$}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{2}{|c}{\multirow{4}{*}{$\bigtriangleup f_{-3}$}}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$s+3$}&
\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}\\
%%-------#######################
&&&&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{1}&&&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{3}&&&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{5}&&&\\
\cline{1-5}\cline{8-8}\cline{9-11}\cline{14-14}\cline{15-17}\cline{20-20}\cline{21-23}
%%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\multirow{4}{*}{$-3$}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\multirow{4}{*}{$x_{-3}$}}&\multicolumn{2}{|c}{\multirow{4}{*}{$f_{-3}$}}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\multirow{2}{*}{$1$}}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{2}{|c}{\multirow{4}{*}{$\bigtriangleup f_{-3}$}}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$s+3$}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&
\multicolumn{2}{|c}{\multirow{4}{*}{$\bigtriangleup f_{-3}$}}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$s+3$}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{2}{|c}{\multirow{4}{*}{$\bigtriangleup f_{-3}$}}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$s+3$}\\
%%------+++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{}&&&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{1}&&&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{3}&&&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{6}\\
\cline{5-5}\cline{6-8}\cline{11-11}\cline{12-14}\cline{17-17}\cline{18-20}\cline{23-23}
%%--------========================
&&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{2}{|c}{}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$s+1$}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&
\multicolumn{2}{|c}{}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$s+1$}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}&\multicolumn{2}{|c}{}&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$s+1$}&
\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{}\\
%%-------#######################
&&&&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{1}&&&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{1}&&&&&&\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{1}&&&\\\cline{1-5}\cline{8-8}\cline{9-11}\cline{14-14}\cline{15-17}\cline{20-20}\cline{21-23}
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\tikz[overlay,remember picture] {
\draw[->,ultra thick,red] ([yshift=-3ex,xshift=-1ex]1.center) -- ([yshift=0ex,xshift=0ex]2.center)node[midway,sloped,above]{};
\draw[->,ultra thick,red] ([yshift=-3ex,xshift=-1ex]3.center) -- ([yshift=0ex,xshift=0ex]4.center)node[midway,sloped,above]{};
}
\end{document}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
که خروجی آن به صورت زیر خواهد بود:
برای به دست آوردن خروجی کامل در این کد نیز لازم است حداقل دو بار اجرا شود.